Philips smartsleep vs dreem 25/27/2023 ![]() ![]() Short-term consequences include diminished attention and focus, decreased quality of life, higher absenteeism with lower productivity, and workplace, home, and road accidents. ![]() Therefore, sleep deprivation has short and long-term negative repercussions, whether caused by lifestyle or sleep disorders. It is known that sleep is essential since its functions are assumed to be restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and memory consolidative. In contrast, the second category includes disorders involving irregular actions executed during sleep, such as arousal disorders, parasomnias associated with REM sleep, and enuresis. The first category comprises the disorders that cause trouble falling or staying asleep, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, RLS, periodic limb movement, and circadian rhythm disorders. These lasts can be classified into two distinct categories: dyssomnias and parasomnia. In addition, the neuroanatomical substrates of NREM sleep are primarily found in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, while those of REM sleep are found in the pons.įunctional anomalies in the autonomic and somatic nervous systems can induce significant repercussions on sleep, often resulting in sleep disorders. The hypothalamus’s suprachiasmatic nuclei master clock regulates the sleep-and-wake circadian rhythm. Nevertheless, this trend is heavily affected by the nervous system’s maturation, changing from childhood to adulthood, as discussed in. In a healthy adult, there is a gradual progression from wakefulness to sleep onset, NREM sleep, and REM sleep. From 20% to 25% of total sleep duration in adults is spent in REM sleep, while the remaining 75–80% is spent in NREM sleep. The two states alternate in a cyclic way (from 4 to 6 cycles during sleep, each lasting from 90 to 110 min, Figure 1). In addition, other symptoms are desynchronized EEG featured by theta waves, periodic swings in blood pressure and heart rhythm, irregular respiration, phasic tongue movements, and may include a few episodes of apnea or hypopnea. The latter is characterized by fast eye movements, reduced reactivity to stimulus, muscular atonia, fast rhythms, and myoclonic jerks. The first is defined by a gradual decrease in reactivity to stimulus, slow rolling eye movements, slightly reduced mobility, reversible unconscious state, and synchronized EEG characterized by slow-wave activity associated with spindles and K-complexes, as well as diminished muscular tone. Sleep is classified into two main states: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which is distinguished into three stages (i.e., N1, N2, N3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Therefore, monitoring sleep and related disorders is crucial in preventing diseases. The most common sleep disorders, according to their prevalence, are the following: insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome (RLS), hypersomnia, parasomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, nocturnal, epilepsy, etc. Numerous negative health impacts, such as an elevated risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack, and stroke, have been associated with the cumulative long-term effects of sleep disturbances and sleep deprivation. In fact, sleep’s poor quality or its insufficient duration can have both short- and long-term repercussions, such as a decrease in life’s quality, difficulty in concentrating, learning problems, bad mood, excessive daytime sleepiness, accidents of various types, weakening of the immune system, propensity to contract infections and diseases, etc. Sleep is a fundamental biological process for human life, as it plays a fundamental role in maintaining physical, psychological, emotional, and social health thanks to its restorative, regenerative, conservative, consolidating, and protective functions. ![]()
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